Posts Tagged ‘zakaria’

A central tenet of John McCain’s foreign policy plan is the so-called “League of Democracies.” This new international organization, as designed, would bring together democracies to work for a sustainable global peace and to spread the ideals of representative government. After the Bush Administration’s insistence on unilateral action, this emphasis on institutional diplomacy is, at surface, a welcome development.

However, any further thought shows this to be a silly idea which betrays the essentials for legitimate international action. I think it suffers from two poor assumptions.

The first is that all democracies support similar policies. This is hardly true. Take Iraq, where many well-established democracies in Western Europe opposed American action. McCain, who continues to support military intervention in Iraq, seems to be in an odd position of supporting a League of Democracies which would oppose his principle foreign policy. In discussing this idea in the most recent issue of Foreign Policy (subscription required), Thomas Carothers points out that democratic processes often bring to power governments which do not support American policy – Palestine, Nepal, Nicaragua and Bolivia, for example. Even more, as Fareed Zakaria pointed out in his first book, The Future of Freedom, democracy does not necessarily demand liberal principles. In fact, it is often a muddy continuum from authoritarian governments to illiberal democracies to liberal republics. The superficial belief that a League of Democracies would be clearly opposed to authoritarian regimes falls apart under true study.

Secondly, this supposed new inter-governmental organization would not be as legitimate as supposed. It is a common projection by democracies to view their role as more legitimate than authoritarian regimes, but by excluding those who they oppose from decision-making, this organization would fall prey to more mislead diplomacy. Just as the Economist explained last week, the existing global institutions are becoming outdated because they do not reflect the world today. The IMF, UN, G8 and others reflect post-WWII realities, but what good is discussing oil prices or Iranian bellicosity at a G8 summit without OPEC countries or Iran?

I agree that we need to seriously rethink organizations like the UN and G8, but the answer is not in exclusion – it is in bringing more countries into the international fold. Expand the G8 and Security Council and don’t create American projections that aim to replace the UN, especially ones flawed in design like a League of Democracies.

Fareed Zakaria, one of the leading public intellectuals, has published a new book entitled “The Post-American World.” In it, Zakaria synthesizes the major trends influencing America and makes a compelling case for what America and the world’s future could and should hold.

Part descriptive, part prescriptive, this book examines the “rise of the rest,” Zakaria’s term for the increased political and economic power of countries previously caught in poverty. The ascendancy of India and China is specifically examined. Zakaria is clear-headed and cogent as he describes the relative rise of the two nations. It is not his belief that America is falling, only that others are rising. In fact, after noting the similarities between the British Empire and America’s 20th century hegemony, it is hard to disagree with his prediction of a leveling of the international field.

In coming to terms with the reality of a world without a unipole, the author succinctly prescribes the role of America as he sees it. Even though the legitimacy of the USA has been severely harmed in recent years through blunder and error, Zakaria thinks that the historical legacy and continuing importance of American power will allow it to reposition itself into a global Bismarkian force. Economic prowess and diplomatic adeptness, Zakaria contends, will allow America to maintain special allegiance with more countries than most.

My only qualms with the book stem from the same qualities which make it an important one: it is brief and approachable. Though this increases the liklihood that Zakaria’s thoughtful work will reach more readers, it limits the attention he can give to countries rising besides India and China. I would have liked to see a discussion of Russia, Brazil, South Africa and other but will have to look elsewhere. Perhaps Parag Khanna’s The Second World will help here.

Overall, this is a book I tore through (and from my brother’s hands). As McCain and Obama shape their domestic and foreign policy, this is a book which should factor in heavily. Although many of the themes – competition, nuclear proliferation, cultural differences – will be familiar to readers, Zakaria molds them into a comprehensive narrative worthy of your time.

[Image: New Yorker]